SOLDER LA DETTE ÉCOLOGIQUE-Le pape François au Fonds monétaire international et à la Banque mondiale

Le Fonds monétaire international (FMI) et la Banque mondiale (BM) sont deux institutions sœurs nées en 1944 des accords de Bretton Woods. Le Fonds a été créé pour soutenir le système financier international en accordant des crédits conditionnels aux pays qui connaissent des difficultés transitoires de balance des paiements. La Banque, quant à elle, en finançant des projets d’investissement vitaux pour le développement des pays pauvres à des conditions très avantageuses, est à la pointe des efforts mondiaux pour mettre fin à l’extrême pauvreté, promouvoir une prospérité partagée et promouvoir le développement durable, sur ces questions et orienter leurs programmes respectifs en conséquence. Les plus importantes sont les réunions annuelles de printemps.

^[1] Cf. Internacional Monetary Fund, Joint Statement from from Managing Director, IMF and President, World Bank Group, 2 marzo 2020 (www.imf.org/es/News/Articles/2020/03/02/pr2076-joint-statement-from-imf-managing-director-and-wb-president).

^[2] Cf. Francesco, Lettera ai partecipanti al Meeting di Primavera 2021 della Banca Mondiale e del Fondo Monetario Internazionale (5-11 aprile 2021), 8 aprile 2021: https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/fr/letters/2021/documents/papa-francesco_20210404_lettera-banca-mondiale.html

^[3] P. Samuelson, «I sette errori dei liberisti senza regole», in Corriere della Sera (www.corriere.it/economia/08_ottobre_20/samuelson_errori_liberisti_86105a88-9e6d-11dd-b7ca-00144f02aabc.shtml), 20 ottobre 2008.

^[4] Cf. International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Update, gennaio 2021 (www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2021/01/26/2021-world-economic-outlook-update).

^[5] Cf. The World Bank, «COVID-19 to Add as Many as 150 Million Extreme Poor by 2021», 7 ottobre 2020 (www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-
release/2020/10/07/covid-19-to-add-as-many-as-150-million-extreme-poor-by-
2021#:).

^[6] Cf. M. Lovcock – A. Van Trotsenburg, «Prevent the Next Food Crisis Now», in Project Syndicate (www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/early-
international-action-can-prevent-next-food-crisis-by-mark-lowcock-and-axel-van-trotsenburg-2021-01?barrier=accesspaylog), 29 gennaio 2021.

^[7] Cf. K. Rogoff, «Uneven recovery from Covid recession could hit poorer countries hard», in The Guardian (www.theguardian.com/business/2021/feb/05/recovery-covid-recession-poorer-countries-us-fed), 5 febbraio 2021.

^[8] Cf. J. D. Sachs, «Una cooperazione finanziaria globale può porre fine alla pandemia», in Project Syndicate (www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/global-pandemic-financing-imf-sdr-allocation-by-jeffrey-d-sachs-2021-04/italian), 6 aprile 2021.

^[9] Cf. C. M. Reinhart – K. Rogoff, «Suspended Emerging and Developing Economies’ Debt Payments», in Project Syndicate (www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/suspend-emerging-and-developing-economies-debt-payments-by-carmen-reinhart-and-kenneth-rogoff-2020-04/), 13 aprile 2020.

^[10] Cf. W. H. Buiter, «È tempo di un giubileo selettivo del debito», in Project Syndicate (www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/covid19-case-for-2020-debt-jubilee-by-willem-h-buiter-2020-05/italian), 21 maggio 2020.

^[11] Cf. J. D. Sachs, «Financing International Cooperation», in Project Syndicate (www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/financing-global-and-regional-public-goods-by-jeffrey-d-sachs-2018-11), 27 novembre 2018.

^[12] Cf. «Por una fiscalidad global más justa», in El País (https://elpais.com/opinion/2021-04-11/por-una-fiscalidad-global-mas-justa.html), 11 aprile 2021.

^[13].     Cf. G. Brown, «The G7 must push for global vaccination. Here’s how it could do it», in The Guardian (www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/apr/12/g7-global-vaccination-covid), 12 aprile 2021..

^[14] W. Shakespeare, Enrico V, atto primo, scena prima, in Id., Teatro, vol. 2, Firenze, Sansoni, 1954, 482.

^[15] M. de Cervantes, Don Chisciotte della Mancia, Torino, Einaudi, 2005